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WASHINGTON D.C. - President Franklin D. Roosevelt privately wanted to restrict the number of Jews entering some professions and universities, and believed Jews should be "spread thin all over the world," according to documents uncovered by a veteran Holocaust scholar and published in a new book being released on March 5, 2013.
The book,
FDR and The Holocaust: A Breach of Faith, by Dr. Rafael Medoff, will be published by the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies, based in Washington, D.C. Dr. Medoff, the founding director of the Wyman Institute, is the author of 14 previous books on the Holocaust, Jewish history, and Zionism.
FDR and The Holocaust: A Breach of Faith
reveals that in 1943 Roosevelt remarked that "the complaints which the Germans bore towards the Jews in Germany" were "understandable" because there were many Jews in law, medicine, and other fields in Germany; FDR also claimed (in 1938) that the Jews were too prominent in Poland's economy, which he blamed for antisemitism there.
Because of his view that Jews should not be permitted to concentrate in professions, institutions, or regions, FDR promoted a quota on admitting Jewish students to Harvard in the 1920s. He urged local leaders in Allied-liberated North Africa in 1943 to limit the entry of Jews into many professions. In 1943 the President endorsed a plan to "spread the Jews thin all over the world" so they would quickly assimilate.
FDR and The Holocaust: A Breach of Faith argues that President Roosevelt's private views help explain why he refused to allow Jewish refugees to enter the United States up to the limit of existing laws during the Holocaust years. (Nearly 200,000 immigration quota places were left unused.)
- DISPARAGING REMARKS ABOUT JEWS: Roosevelt's private remarks about Jews included allegations about Jews dominating economies and professions in Europe; calling a tax maneuver by the owners of the New York Times "a dirty Jewish trick"; and proudly telling a U.S. senator that "there is no Jewish blood in our veins." These attitudes played an important and previously unrecognized role in shaping his immigration policy and his response to the Holocaust.
- NEW EVIDENCE ON REFUSAL TO BOMB AUSCHWITZ: American Jewish groups' requests to bomb the Auschwitz death camp or the railway lines leading to it reached all the way to Roosevelt's most important and senior cabinet members. Previously, scholars had believed the requests were all handled by lower level officials. This book reveals that bombing requests were made directly to Secretary of State Cordell Hull and Secretary of War Henry Stimson, both of whom misleadingly claimed that the proposal did not fall within their area of responsibility.
- RECOGNIZING FDR'S FAILURE: Although American Jewish leaders were among FDR's strongest supporters during the war, many of them later expressed very different sentiments. In previously unpublished postwar interviews cited in the book, Jewish leaders acknowledge that they were "hoodwinked" and "taken in" by "Roosevelt's charm," that FDR's "assurances" that he would help Europe's Jews were "hollow," and that in the end, FDR "didn't lift a finger" to help Jewish refugees.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Dr. Rafael Medoff is a widely-quoted historian who has been interviewed by major media around the world, including the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal,BBC, and CNN (Wolf Blitzer's The Situation Room), as well as leading radio and television programs in Canada, Israel, Austria, Poland and elsewhere.
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COMMENTS BY SCHOLARS AND JEWISH LEADERS ON FDR AND THE HOLOCAUST: A BREACH OF FAITH
"The controversy over FDR's bystanding during the Holocaust continues--as it should. Despite some efforts to justify Roosevelt's behavior, the moral failure demands a full reckoning. In this book, Rafael Medoff gives us important treatments of various actors in the processes which led to Roosevelt's actions and inactions. The volume is enriched by new documents and new reflections. This book should be read and taken seriously by everyone who is concerned with why President Roosevelt came up so short in dealing with the most total crime of genocide in history."
--Rabbi Dr. Irving (Yitz) Greenberg
President, Jewish Life Network/Steinhardt Foundation
Past Chair, United States Holocaust Memorial Council
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"FDR has been lionized--and for good reason. From the New Deal to victory in World War II, he proved himself one of history's great world leaders. But did he do all he could to save the Jews of Europe during the Holocaust? In his excellent new book FDR and the Holocaust, Rafael Medoff reveals new and compelling research that sheds important light on this question. In the tradition of David S. Wyman's monumental The Abandonment of the Jews, Dr. Medoff confronts some hard realities that are sure to make people rethink their assumptions about FDR's response to the Nazi genocide."
-- Professor Ari L. Goldman, Columbia University; former New York Times
religion correspondent and author of The Search for God at Harvard.
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"This book provides new and devastating revelations about the extent and depth of antisemitism among Franklin D. Roosevelt, several of those closest to him, and the State Department, and how it shaped U.S. refugee policy during the Holocaust. Dr. Medoff expands on David S. Wyman's pathbreaking work, exposing the roots of the Roosevelt administration's weak response to the lethal threat to European Jewry, from 1933 through the Holocaust. FDR and the Holocaust: A Breach of Faith is particularly relevant today at a time of widespread denial of, and indifference to, intensifying global antisemitism."
--Prof. Stephen H. Norwood and Prof. Eunice G. Pollack
Editors, Encyclopedia of American Jewish History
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"For those who think of FDR as a friend and hero of American Jews, Dr. Rafael Medoff's well written and documented expose of Roosevelt's failure to attempt to rescue European Jewry from the Holocaust, is a reminder that Jews in America must never be afraid to speak truth to power."
--Seymour Reich, chairman emeritus of the Conference of Presidents
of Major American Jewish Organizations and the International
Catholic-Jewish Commission (on the Vatican and the Holocaust)
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"As a youngster in an American Jewish yeshiva, I was entrusted with the task of creating a memorial program to mark the passing of President Franklin Roosevelt. In later years, I sometimes imagined I could have been among the Jewish leaders who went to FDR to ask him to save Jews from the ongoing Holocaust. I imagined that when the great man stalled, evaded or double-talked, I would have mustered the courage to bang on his desk in the White House and demand that he rescue our people. Rafael Medoff's superbly important, well-researched, and fascinating new book reveals the painful truth of what really happened when Jewish leaders met with President Roosevelt--what he knew, when he knew it, and why his reaction to the Holocaust was so pitifully inadequate."
--Dr. Israel W. Charny
Editor, The Encyclopedia of Genocide
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